Historia del manejo de rinitis atrófica / The history of the treatment of atrophic rhinitis

La rinitis atrófica es una enfermedad crónica progresiva caracterizada por dilatación anormal de las cavidades nasales con atrofia de la mucosa, submucosa y cornetes nasales subyacentes. Los factores etiopatogénicos aún son desconocidos. Su presentación clínica consiste en congestión nasal paradójica asociado a secreciones viscosas, con presencia de costras secas de mal olor. La higiene nasal con irrigación de alto volumen y baja presión es el estándar de tratamiento médico. El tratamiento quirúrgico busca reducir el tamaño de las cavidades nasales y promover la regeneración de la mucosa nasal así como también su vascularización y lubricación. A lo largo de la historia se han descrito múltiples procedimientos quirúrgicos que han buscado estrechar la cavidad nasal para permitir el paso de aire de forma más fisiológica. Por otra parte, se han propuesto intervenciones radicales como el cierre de las fosas nasales para disminuir los síntomas y mejorar la calidad de vida. En este artículo se resumen los principales manejos y procedimientos propuestos junto con sus resultados y conclusiones. Si bien la mayoría de las técnicas descritas ya no se utilizan en la actualidad, es importante conocerlas ya que aún existen pacientes que fueron sometidos a ellas pudiendo presentar complicaciones y/o efectos adversos.

Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic progressive disease characterized by abnormal dilatation of the nasal cavities with atrophy of the mucosa, nasal submucosa and underlying nasal turbinates. The etiopathogenic factors are still unknown. Its clinical presentation consists of paradoxical nasal congestion associated with viscous secretions, usually with the presence of dry, bad-smelling crusts. Nasal hygiene with high pressure irrigation remains the standard of medical treatment. Surgical treatment seeks to reduce the size of nasal cavities and promote regeneration of nasal mucosa as well as its vascularization and lubrication. Throughout history, multiple surgical procedures have been described that have sought the narrowing of the nasal cavity to allow the passage of air more physiologically. On the other hand, radical interventions have been proposed such as the closure of the nostrils to reduce symptoms and improve quality. This article summarizes the main proposed procedures along with their results and conclusions. Although most of the techniques described are no longer used today, it is important to know them since there are still patients who were subjected to them and may present complications and / or adverse effects.

Displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica: revisión de sus manifestaciones otorrinolaringologías a propósito de dos casos / Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: review of ENT manifestations on purpose of two cases

La displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica es una enfermedad hereditaria, infrecuente en la población general, caracterizada clínicamente por la tríada de hipohidrosis, deficiencias dentarias y falta de crecimiento de cabello. Además, se afectan otros anexos cutaneos como folículos pilosos, uñas y dientes e incluso estructuras como las glándulas mucosas del tracto aerodigestivo superior lo que puede ocasionar signos, síntomas y patologías de interés para el otorrinolaringólogo. Se presentan dos casos clínicos, un adulto y un niño, y se revisa la literatura respecto de las manifestaciones de la displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica en cabeza y cuello.

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is an uncommon, hereditary disease, clinically characterized by the triad of hypohidrosis, dental deficiencies and lack of hair growth. In addition, it affects other skin appendages such as hair follicles, nails and teeth and even structures such as the mucous glands of the upper aerodigestive tract causing signs and also symptoms and pathologies of interest for the otolaryngologist. Two cases are presented, an adult and a child one,an in addition to literature review regarding the manifestations of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in head and neck.

Klebsiella ozaenae sepsis in a young healthy male

Introduction: K. ozaenae is a weak pathogenic organism known to cause primary atrophic rhinitis or ozena. There are few reports that the bacteria could cause serious invasive infection in debilitated patients. This is fi rst report of K. ozaenae in a young previously healthy adult. Case presentation: A 34-year-old Filipino male with no signifi cant previous medical history presented with severe frontal headache of two days duration with fever and chills. Blood and serum work-up showed leukocytosis, mild thrombocytopenia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and hypophopatemia. Liver function test indicated elevated bilirubin and transaminases. CT of the head indicated sinus disease including mucoperiosteal-like thickening of the right maxillary sinus, left mastoid hypoaeration and sclerosis characteristics of chronic infl ammation. Blood culture grew gram negative rods identifi ed as Klebsiella ozaenae species. Conclusion: Klebisella ozaenae sepsis is rarely reported in medical literature. There are about 12 case reports all of which identifi ed with one or more chronic conditions causing decline in patient immunity resulting in invasive infection by the weak pathogen. Our patient is a young physically active adult male with no identifi able risk factors except chronic ozena-like infection that might serve as a source for haematologic seeding.

Rinitis atrófica como causa del síndrome de nariz vacía: reporte de caso / Atrophic rhinitis as cause of the empty nose syndrome: case report

La rinitis atrófica es una de las causas del Síndrome de nariz vacía, la cual está relacionada con colonización por gérmenes, inflamación crónica y posterior atrofia progresiva de la mucosa nasal. Típicamente produce síntomas obstructivos nasales, rinorrea y costras fétidas. Se presenta el caso en imágenes endoscópicas, tomográficas y de cultivo en una paciente femenina en la cual por sus comorbilidades el manejo fue exclusivamente médico.

Atrophic rhinitis is one of the causes of the empty nose syndrome that is related to colonization by germs, chronic inflammation and subsequent progressive atrophy of the nasal mucosa. Typically produces nasal obstructive symptoms, runny nose and fetid crusts. Endoscopy, tomography and culture images of a female patient is presented in which by her co-morbidities associated the treatment was medical exclusively.